Objectivity and the Ethics of Freedom of Expression in the Perspective of Democracy in Indonesia
Keywords:
freedom of expression, objectivity, communication ethics, digital democracyAbstract
This study examines the objectivity of the ethics of freedom of expression in the perspective of democracy in Indonesia. Using a qualitative library-research (studi kepustakaan) approach, data were collected from national and international journals, scholarly books, legislation, and official documents, then analysed through content analysis and source triangulation. The findings reveal four key dimensions: (1) democracy and freedom of expression, where the right to speak is a prerequisite for inclusive and participatory democracy; (2) communication ethics and objectivity, which require that expression be grounded in facts, accuracy, and respect for human dignity; (3) digital democracy, disinformation, and polarisation, where algorithmic echo chambers and the spread of unverified information threaten deliberative quality; and (4) the empirical condition of Indonesian democracy, which shows progress in digital participation alongside persistent challenges of civil liberty restrictions and political polarisation. The study concludes that objectivity in communication ethics is a normative foundation for balancing the protection of freedom of expression with ethical responsibility, ultimately strengthening substantive and deliberative democracy.
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