The Impact of Protectionism Policies and Geopolitical Issues on Supply Chain Management of Export-Import Companies
Keywords:
Geopolitical Risk, Supply Chain Management, Export-Import, Trade Policy UncertaintyAbstract
The resurgence of protectionist trade policies and intensifying geopolitical rivalries among major economies have reshaped the operating environment of export-import companies worldwide. This study examines how protectionism and geopolitical issues affect export-import firms' supply chain management (SCM) practices and identifies the strategic responses companies adopt to sustain competitiveness. A qualitative descriptive method grounded in a systematic literature review of Scopus and SINTA-indexed articles (2004-2026) was employed, with findings synthesized through Supply Chain Resilience Theory and the Geopolitical Supply Chain Disruption framework. Results show that protectionist measures tariffs, non-tariff barriers, and export restrictions combined with geopolitical shocks such as the US-China trade war and the Russia-Ukraine conflict, disrupt export-import supply chains through three channels: rising procurement and logistics costs, elevated trade policy uncertainty delaying firm-level investment, and direct disruption of cross-border physical and contractual flows. In response, companies increasingly adopt supplier diversification, reshoring, nearshoring, friendshoring, and digital supply chain technologies to strengthen resilience. For export-import companies in emerging economies such as Indonesia, findings underscore the urgency of formal risk-management systems, hedging instruments, and regional trade cooperation. This study contributes a synthesized, theory-informed understanding of the protectionism geopolitics supply chain linkage relevant to practitioners and policymakers.
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