Legal Protection of Copyright for Artistic Works Generated by Generative AI Based on Copyright Law
Keywords:
Generative Artificial Intelligence, Copyright Protection, Artistic Work, Copyright Law Number 28 of 2014Abstract
The rapid diffusion of generative AI tools like Midjourney and DALL·E challenges the doctrinal foundations of copyright law, which traditionally requires human intellectual creativity. This article examines how Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright (UUHC) regulates legal protection for AI-generated artistic works, comparing Indonesia's normative position with the United States, United Kingdom, European Union, and China. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study finds that the UUHC’s definition of "Pencipta" presupposes a natural person. Consequently, autonomous AI outputs without demonstrable human creative contribution fail to satisfy the required originality standard. Comparative analysis reveals a spectrum of responses: the strict US human authorship doctrine, the UK's sui generis "computer generated works" regime, and China’s case by case recognition based on substantial personalized selection. The study recommends that Indonesia amend the UUHC to clarify human contribution thresholds, mandate disclosure obligations for AI content, adopt a hybrid ownership model vesting initial rights in the prompting user, and integrate technological accountability mechanisms like provenance watermarking to protect human artists' interests.
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