Progressive Islam and the Future of Nationhood: Tracing the Consistency of Muhammadiyah's Political Thought
Keywords:
Islam Berkemajuan, Muhammadiyah, Political Islam, Nationhood, DemocracyAbstract
This article examines Islam Berkemajuan (Progressive Islam) as Muhammadiyah's ideological cornerstone, tracing its influence on the organization's political thought and vision for Indonesian nationhood. Founded by KH Ahmad Dahlan in 1912, Muhammadiyah synthesizes Islamic reformism and civic nationalism, acting as a pivotal player in Indonesia's independence and democratic development. Utilizing a qualitative historical philosophical methodology analyzing primary organizational documents and Sinta Scopus indexed literature, this study investigates how Islam Berkemajuan guides Muhammadiyah’s stance toward the state, democracy, and national identity across distinct historical periods. The findings reveal three enduring principles in Muhammadiyah's political thought: the rejection of theocracy in favor of a civilizational state (negara otonom), the prioritization of public welfare (maslahah) over partisan interests, and the cultivation of an enlightened citizenry for a just society. Rooted in Islam Berkemajuan, these principles enable Muhammadiyah to preserve its Islamic identity while remaining committed to a pluralist state across a century of political shifts. Ultimately, this article contributes to Southeast Asian political Islam scholarship by demonstrating that Muhammadiyah’s state engagement constitutes a distinctive 'third way' of Muslim civic engagement.
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