Cultural Transformation of Traditional to Modern Pesantren: A Study of Islamic Pedagogical Adaptation in Facing Digital Cultural Disruption
Keywords:
Pesantren; Digital Disruption; Islamic Pedagogy; Cultural Transformation; Kiai LeadershipAbstract
Digital disruption has structurally reshaped the cultural and pedagogical foundations of Indonesian Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). This study analyzes how traditional pesantren culture transforms through digital pedagogical adaptation while identifying mechanisms that preserve religious authenticity amid technological innovation. Employing a qualitative systematic literature review, this research synthesized Sinta- and Scopus-indexed peer-reviewed articles published between 2016 and 2026 using thematic content analysis. Findings reveal that pesantren transformation involves selective adaptation rather than structural replacement, positioning digital tools as extensions not substitutes of the sanad (chain of transmission). Two key mechanisms drive this transformation: the reconfiguration of classical sorogan-bandongan methods into hybrid learning models, and transformational kiai leadership that aligns digital adoption with local wisdom and moral authority. The study concludes that sustainable modernization relies on a dialectical balance between technological integration and core value preservation, framing pesantren as an adaptive rather than defensive institution. Theoretically, these findings enrich the discourse on Islamic educational transformation; practically, they inform policy formulation regarding digital literacy integration in faith-based education.
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